Australian Administrative Law - 2750 Words

Australian Administrative Law (Research Paper Sample) Content: TOPIC: Australian Administrative Law. Judicial review should be limited to the consideration of errors of law strictlydefined. Issues of fact should be the sole preserve of the decision-maker ormerits review. Consequently, courts should not indulge in de facto review offactual issues under the guise of ultra vires or jurisdictional error in areassuch as jurisdictional fact, unreasonableness and lack of evidence.Do you agree?Discuss this statement with reference to relevant cases and legislation. Summary: Number of pages:10Academic level:Specialized Referencing style: Australian legal citation (footnotes)Client country:Australia (UK English) Student Name: Instructor name: Unit Name: Date: â€Å"Judicial review should be limited to the consideration of errors of law strictly defined. Issues of fact should be the sole preserve of the decision-maker or merits review. Consequently, courts should not indulge in de facto review of factual i ssues under the guise of ultra vires or jurisdictional error in areas such as jurisdictional fact, unreasonableness and lack of evidence.† Do you agree? Discuss this statement with reference to relevant cases and legislation. INTRODUCTION By definition, judicial review refers to the type of court proceeding whereby a judge re- evaluates the legality of an action or decision made by a public body thereby challenging the manner in which a decision was made as opposed to the rights and wrongs of the judgement handed down. Judicial review was necessitated by the need to challenge erroneous and/ or unlawful administrative rulings and is found within the Administrative Decisions (Judicial Review) Act 1977. The Administrative Appeals Tribunal is a hybrid between the administrative agency and court and was formed by the Administrative Appeals Tribunal Act 1975 (Cth). The legality of judicial review is found within the doctrine of a separation of powers whereby courts have the power to review the legality of actions and decisions as opposed to their merits. Judicial review is an area of administrative law that is often misunderstood and hence needs clarification as to its definition, nature and overall scope. This clarification is provided in the judgment of Brennan J in Attorney-General (NSW) v Quin: â€Å"The essential warrant for judicial intervention is the declaration and enforcing of the law affecting the extent and exercise of power: that is the characteristic duty of the judicature as the third branch of government†¦The duty and jurisdiction of the court to review administrative action do not go beyond the declaration and enforcing of the law which determines the limits and governs the exercise of the repository’s power.   If, in so doing, the court avoids administrative injustice or error, so be it; but the court has no jurisdiction simply to cure administrative injustice or error.† In that regard, judicial review essentially is not the mere re-hearing of the merits of a certain case. Instead, it is the reviewing of a decision to ensure that the decision-maker followed the accurate legal measures or used the right legal interpretation. That said, there is the dire need to attain the suitable balance between preventing legal action from wearisome government policies and the provision of the means of testing the legality of administrative action. Should judicial review be restricted to merely those cases where there has been a misapplication of the law or can its mandate be extended to other cases where they may be some other problem such as the occurrence of unreasonableness? This is a question that has baffled the minds of many legal experts in the field of administrative law. The following discussion will thus shed some light on this oft misi nterpreted aspect of law by showing that whereas the role of the judicial review is primarily with regards to errors of law, it has a much wider scope than most realize. JUDICIAL REVIEW AND ERRORS OF LAW Primarily, an error of law is the classic basis for the consideration of the judicial review of an administrative action. This is due to the fact that all administrative decisions must be made according to the law. Since the decision- making power is granted by legislation in the first place, the decision–maker or merits review should must properly understand and apply their decision–making power. The courts have the constitutional duty to correctly interpret the when passing out judgments and this role lies within the decision makers’ institutional capability and expertise. Therefore, administrative decision-makers no longer have the sole discretion as pertains to the interpretation of the law neither do they have the jurisdiction to incorrectly interpret t he law. When an administrative decision-maker makes a mistake in law, their decision is summarily deemed to be against the law and thus can be set aside. This is because courts no longer make a distinction between jurisdictional and non-jurisdictional errors of law and treat them equally. Decision-makers must correctly understand why they have been conferred with the power that they have been and then use this power for that purpose alone. When a decision-maker asks itself the wrong question or misdirects itself in law, it is deemed to have failed to execute the task entrusted to it by Parliament and its decision is thus against the law. In other words, if the decision- maker did not get the law right, there is a premise for judicial review. Evidently, errors of law are thus the primary basis for judicial review. It should be noted, however, that even when a decision is based on an error of law, the court’s powers are sometimes restricted to putting the decision aside an d presenting the case to the primary decision-maker for re-evaluation.   There are certain situations whereby, even when a decision is lawfully incorrect, it will not be liable to judicial review.   On the other hand, there are circumstances where a decision is the correct one but is set aside due to the fact that there is a likelihood of legal error. Thus, even when an error of law has occurred, the powers of a judicial review are not all encompassing and at times, are very limited regardless of whether or not an error of law has been committed. Judicial review thus is somewhat restricted as pointed out in Minister for Aboriginal Affairs v Peko-Wallsend Ltd by Mason J.  This limited role of the judicial review process based on an error of law should thus be continually kept in mind so as to be constantly aware of the boundaries that should not and cannot be overstepped. THE GREATER SCOPE OF JUDICIAL REVIEW The case has already been made concerning the need and appl icability of judicial review in instances when an error of law has occurred. However, various court decisions have shown that even in factual issues, judicial review can and must be applied for the law to be fully upheld. For instance, in cases where a decision makers has misdirected itself in law; when it has misunderstood the purpose of their conferred power; when it has asked itself the wrong question/ or when it has not had regard to the right legal considerations, it would be foolhardy to simply limit judicial review to cases of errors of law. JUDICIAL REVIEW AND JURISDICTIONAL FACT Some legal experts have argued that cases dealing with jurisdictional facts should not be subject to judicial review due to the simple fact that if they are facts, the facts are sufficient basis to make a lawful decision. In certain instances, a decision maker may view the existence of some fact as a prerequisite for an official exercising jurisdiction and this is called a jurisdictional fact.  A jurisdictional fact is a fact that must exist objectively so as to enliven jurisdiction therefore a court executing judicial review can analyze evidence that was previously not available to the primary decision maker when deciding on the existence of a jurisdictional fact. It is akin to merits review the difference being that the review is not based on merits but on whether or not the primary decision maker had the power to employ discretion from the beginning. The significance of this is that, with regards to jurisdictional facts, the court can re- determine the fact for itself and a judicial review may then ensue. In addition, jurisdictional facts are subject to judicial review due to the fact that an error as to jurisdictional fact is an error of law.The instances when judicial review is executed with regards to cases dealing in jurisdictional facts are what Groves (2005) refers to as the â€Å"Brennan Approach.† When the question for the court is whether the conditio n governing the exercise of a statutory power is satisfied, the court must place itself in the position of the repository of the power to establish whether the process adopted was fair, legal and reasonable. A different tactic is necessary when the question is if the jurisdictional fact in question existed at the relevant time. This provides procedural fairness which supersedes statutory power and allows for reviews to be done in such cases.  In addition, the term ‘jurisdictional fact is an ambiguous one and is thus susceptible to abuse by those in power. Spigelman CJ recognized this in Timbarra which was case involving a decision to grant permission for mines’ extension. If this extension was â€Å"likely to significantly affect† a threatened species, there first had to be a Species Impact Statement to grant this permission. The court determined that the phrase â€Å"likely to significantly affect† constituted a jurisdictional fact thus â€Å"likely t o significantly affect† was ruled as not factual unless backed by a Species Impact Statement. In this case, a court with a judicial r...

Negative Effects Of Marijuana - 1903 Words

Among teens and adults, marijuana is the number one drug used for medical and recreational use. Marijuana was not legalized by the states in the U.S. until recently, but it has been in use since the 1970’s. Although, marijuana has been legalized for only a couple of years, the issues of marijuana are becoming a larger epidemic. Many people have the misconceptions that marijuana will not have the same effects as other drugs or even, such as tobacco, but after an abundance of research, scientist discovered that marijuana does have similar effects as smoking cigarettes in which children are the most because their brains and bodies are still developing. Not only does it affect their children physically, but also socially. Teenage years are†¦show more content†¦There are many different factors that can influence children’s perspective on marijuana. Parental views and guidance are one of the factors that can impact these decisions greatly. Cannabis, also known as marijuana comes from the cannabis plant called the cannabis sativa. Cannabis in the wild grows in tropical and temperate areas, but it can be grown indoors which can be a little difficult. Marijuana plants need a great deal of attention because these plants need a specific amount of light, heat, humidity, and water. The cannabis sativa contains more than 60 cannabinoids, which is a general term for the chemicals released in your body that alters neurotransmitters in your brain. THC or tetrahydrocannabinol is considered a cannabinoid, responsible for a euphoric high when you use marijuana. Marijuana is the dried up leaves or stem of a cannabis plant which is then chopped up and smoked in a joint. There are many different ways to use marijuana, but most people either smoke it, or consume it by its natural oils in forms of edibles. Under the federal law, residents are allowed to grow no more than 6 marijuana plants only if they are 21 years and older, and must be grown in an area that is enclosed and cannot be seen by the public. In conclusion, there is more to know about marijuana than its reputation as an addictive drug. There are many different reasons why teens choose to start using marijuana. Teenagers fallShow MoreRelatedThe Negative Effects Of Marijuana861 Words   |  4 Pages Marijuana is sweeping the nation. How might this affect people’s everyday lives? Is the progression on legalization a good thing or a bad thing? In order to answer that, the people must first consider the health effects of the consumer and the economic effects of the nation. Marijuana could have both positive and negative effects on the health of the user and the economy. While marijuana does indeed have some health benefits, it also has many adverse health effects and can lead to severalRead MoreNegative Effects Of Marijuana977 Words   |  4 Pagespick up bad habits. â€Å"Marijuana is dried leaves, flowers, stems, and seeds from the Cannabis Indica plant. The plant contains large amounts of a mind-altering chemical THC and other similar compounds† (Anonymous, 2017). Marijuana is popular, and it can be made into edibles. As of today, in United States of America, age or pregnancy does not have an effect anymore. People are choosing to high over their families, leaving the kids with birth defects and health issues. Marijuana affects brain developmentRead MoreNegative Effects Of Marijuana1612 Words   |  7 Pages What is marijuana? What is it made of? Why is cannabis still illegal in certain states? Why does marijuana have so many names? Where do the names come from? What is the marijuana culture and how do they celebrate? How is marijuana beneficial? All these questions roaming through people’s mind. Cannabis is a green mixture of the dried, shredded leaves and flowers of Cannabis sativa. People usually smoke marijuana in hand-rolled cigarettes called joints or cigars called blunts, or in a pipe, orRead MorePositive And Negative Effects Of Marijuana705 Words   |  3 PagesMarijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug in the United States. In 2015, more than 11 mil-lion young adults ages 18 to 25 used marijuana in the past year. The drug has both positive and negative effects. Both physical and mental. Living up to full potential is something any person strives to do. Choosing to use marijuana at a young age might not be the best choice to a grow-ing brain. The big difference between adults who smoke and young adults who smoke is young users still have a developingRead MoreNegative Effects Of Marijuana1903 Words   |  8 PagesAmong teens and adults marijuana is the number one drug used for medical and recreational use. Marijuana was not legalized by the states in the U.S. until recently, but it has been in use since the 1970’s. Although, marijuana has been legalized for only a couple of years, the issues of marijuana are becoming a larger epidemic. Many people have the misconceptions that marijuana will not have the same effects as other drugs or even such as tobacco, but after an abundance of research, scientist discoveredRead MoreThe Negatives Effects of Marijuana on Teenager880 Words   |  4 PagesThe Negatives Effects of Marijuana on Teenager What is Marijuana? The marijuana affects the brain development on teenager. Also affect the function at school, work, and social life of the teenagers. The marijuana increases the risk of mental health issues. The sadistic show that the used of marijuana increase every years. Marijuana affects the teenager and also their families. According to National Institute of Drug Abuse, Marijuana is a greenish-gray mixture of the dried, shredded leaves, stemsRead MoreThe Negative Effects of Marijuana2471 Words   |  10 PagesMarijuana has the reputation of giving users a high when smoked, eaten, or inhaled through vaporization. The chemical that causes the feeling of euphoria is called Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). When smoked or ingested, the THC rapidly passes through your lungs or stomach, then your bloodstream, and to other organs in your body. When it finally reaches your brain, the THC targets specific brain cells called cannabinoid receptors (Harding, 2013). These receptors are especially found in partsRead MoreMarijuana Has A Negative Effect On Your Health1728 Words   |  7 PagesI believe that cannabis has a negative effect on your health. Now I’m fully aware that a portion of the world’s population truly believe that cannabis is nothing more than a harmless drug that is used for nothing more than recreational use and will not have any long-term effects on your health, but I want you to ponder on the thought of my statement and why I might believe that cannabis has a negative effect on your health. First what is cannabis? according to drugs.com cannabis also known as â€Å"CannabisRead MoreEthical Issues : Weed And Medical Marijuana1148 Words   |  5 PagesKevin Noh Professor Ericka Scott English 100 11 April 2016 Ethical Issues: Weed Marijuana has been consumed ever since the human civilization started. However, according to Zimmermann (2014), large amounts of research on medical marijuana started around the early 1970s. Through articles and videos on the Internet, social media, and even school, people are becoming more aware of the presence of medical marijuana. Even children are being informed through D.A.R.E. programs offered in many elementaryRead MoreEssay on Pros and Cons of Legalizing Marijuana557 Words   |  3 Pageslegalization of marijuana is a very debatable subject, some people think it is bad and should be illegal, and some people think it is good in some ways if used properly. It should be legal because it has few negative effects, it serves other purposes than getting people stoned, and it is better than other drugs. Many advocates say â€Å" Marijuana is a common drug used by many people.†(Sandra) A lot of people think marijuana has numerous amounts of negative effects on the body. Marijuana helps the body

Terrorism and the Causes of Terrorist Attacks Essay

The continuing successful and attempted terrorist attacks in the USA and the endless wars and conflicts in which we are involved are caused by the very same reasons experienced in the expansion of Europe during the 15th and 16th centuries. The economic, political, and cultural conditions present in each of these periods in history, although hundreds of years apart, are still very much alike. The same desires for money, relations between different countries, and differing religious views are what caused this tragedy and similar conflicts during the expansion of Europe. By examining these causes in the present as well as in the past, Americans might have a better understanding of the current situation and come up with some†¦show more content†¦The expedition of Hernà ¡n Cortà ©s and the conquistadors, one of Spains later voyages, showed that a common cause for mass violence and tragedy is found in the human desire for wealth. Cortà ©s main goal was at first ju st to develop trade with the Mexican mainland. But when he learned of the rich Aztec empire and their gold, he began to exploit and conquer them (Bulliet et al. 437). Cortà ©s accurately portrays the human desire of greed in the following quote taken from the class film Conquistadors, Do you have more gold? For were troubled from a disease of the heart that can only be cured by gold. This was just the beginning of the problem. As soon as the Aztecs had brought the conquistadors gifts of gold as a symbol of peace, Cortà ©s and his men had already set out to overthrow the Aztecs. Despite Cortà ©ss initial promise that he came in friendship, Moctezuma quickly found himself a prisoner in his own palace. His treasury was looted, its gold melted down. Soon a battle was raging in and about the capital between the Spaniards and the Aztecs (Bulliet et al. 438). The greed initiated at this period in history has been copied by the terrorists. Similar to the conquest made by Cortà ©s, the attack on the World Trade Center was also said to have profited the terrorists. The way in which they accomplished this was by selling their stocks right before the day of the attack andShow MoreRelatedTerrorists Attacks And Warfare.Recently, The Number Of1239 Words   |  5 PagesTerrorists Attacks and Warfare Recently, the number of terrorists’ attacks increase dramatically, so do reginal warfare. Both terrorists’ attacks and warfare are resulted from political complex, there is a correlation relationship between these two. The origins of terrorists’ attack is different political opinion and the purpose of minor groups did not be accepted, so they create terrorists attacks for attacking views on them. Warfare does stimulate Terrorists’ attacks by increase theRead MoreSuicide Terrorism And Islamic Fundamentalism991 Words   |  4 PagesDying To Win, Robert A. Pape challenges the views about why suicide terrorists do what they do and to whom. Pape is trying to convey that suicide terrorism is rising around the world (Pape pg. 6). Since many terrorist attacks have been perpetrated by Muslim terrorist motivated by religious beliefs, it makes people think that Islamic fundamentalism is the central cause. The connection between suicide terrorism and Islamic fundamentalism is incorrect, and encourage foreign countries to harm manyRead MoreTerrorism : Killing Innocents For Noble Causes Essay1421 Words   |  6 PagesTerrorism: Killing Innocents for Noble Causes Can you remember where you were on the fatal day of September 11, 2001? When people think of terrorism, the first thought is usually about that dreadful day. Terrorism is defined as, â€Å"Premeditated and unlawful acts in which groups or agents of some principal engage in a threatened or actual use of force against human or property targets† (p. G-23). Terrorists often uses violence or threat to advance their agenda or goal. Terrorism is very widespreadRead MoreThe Utilization Of Terroristic Tactics1027 Words   |  5 PagesTerrorism, within modern society, has become a common strategy employed by various radical groups throughout the world. The utilization of terroristic tactics originated in Russia during the 19th century as a response to an autocratic Russian system that was believed to be well overdue for refinement. During this time, terrorism remained within its place of origin and was a carefully directed phenomenon. Thus, most acts of terror were aimed at specified targets who were chosen systematically, ensuringRead MoreWhy Suicide Terrorism Is An Effective Tactic1354 Words   |  6 PagesCritically examine why suicide terrorism is such an effective tactic. Over the past decades suicide terrorism has confirmed its effective tactic and it is seem to be developing and growing movement. Terrorism is designed to cause panic within people, communities and countries but also to gain the publicity through media. Suicide terrorism, more than other forms of terrorist activities is presenting determination and dedication both of dying by individual terrorist as well as the desire to kill innocentRead MoreTerrorism As A System Of Terror Essay1565 Words   |  7 PagesName Professor Course Date Terrorism is a difficult concept to define because definitions are not intended to be true or false but a reflection of evident phenomena that have common properties that result from similar causes and effects. The oxford English Dictionary defines terrorism as a system of terror directed and carried out by those in power such as that in France during the revolution of 1789-1794, or a system aimed at striking with terror the individuals whom it is adopted. This definitionRead MoreEssay on Terrorism in the Media1109 Words   |  5 PagesTerrorism in the Media Terrorism can be defined as the use of criminal violence to try to force a government to change. It can also be defined as the use of criminal violence that groups or individuals use to seek revenge and cause heartache amongst those that they want to hurt/threaten. Most terrorist groups prefer to target people for a more dramatic response and celebrate when the media broadcasts their violent acts on television and throughout the news. Lately, more and more deadly terroristRead MoreIntroduction. This Essay Will Address Firstly What Is Terrorism1373 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction This essay will address firstly what is terrorism and how does society preserve terrorism, how the police put up surveillance cameras to monitor Muslims and there community’s in Birmingham. Following the terrorist attacks of 9/11 and the London bombing on 7 July. As a consequence to the terrorist attacks of the above. Secondly how the British government and politicians have criminalised and victimised Muslims of their understanding of being terrorist, which is so delusional so many people in societyRead MoreThe United States Face Challenges And Threats1361 Words   |  6 PagesThese challenges include the terrorist threat, cyber threats, biological concerns, nuclear terrorism, transnational criminal organizations, and natural hazards (Department of Homeland Security, 2014). Of these six challenges, the terrorism threat seems to create the biggest fear and concern among U.S. citizens. There are several terrorist organizations that wish to cause harm to the United States, its c itizens, and its interests. Along with the threat posed by terrorist organizations, there is theRead MoreTerrorism Is Not A New Concept Essay1482 Words   |  6 PagesAmericans were witness to one of the most devastating and deadliest attacks on American soil in close to a century. As the World Trade Center came crashing down, America was faced with a threat that continues to plague the country today. Unlike the attacks on Pearl Harbor, the attack on the World Trade Center was not executed by a state actor. Instead, it was the act of terrorism by a group known as Al Qaida. The fight against this terrorist group would continue over the next decade. By most accounts, the

Sustainable Practice in Facilities Management

Question: Discuss about theSustainable Practice in Facilities Management. Answer: Green Purchasing and Energy Management System Green purchasing is the process of procurement of services and products that have reducing effects on the environment and human health cared with the competing services and products serving a similar purpose. The comparison considers production, acquisition, distribution, packaging, distribution and disposal of the service and product (Green et al., 2012). Since I am the facility manager of my company Greenology Architectural Practice Sdn Bhd, I will propose Green Purchasing and Energy Management System (EnMS) to the management for improvement of the energy efficient consumption and current purchasing system. This assignment is aimed at discussing the various aspects of green purchasing based on previous journals and research work and will propose green purchasing for the selected organization based on its business nature. Literature Review Liu et al. (2012) conducted a research study to demonstrate the sustainable consumption of the urban residents by the green purchasing behaviors in China. This study aimed at addressing the importance of education on environment for increasing the responsibility towards the environment in China. The actual green practice behaviors of the people have been reflected through the study wherein the purchase level of green products is low. Therefore, the authors have suggested that for reducing the adverse effects on the environment and human health in comparison with the competing services and products, green purchasing should be promoted. The argument was further carried forward with the research study by Buniamin et al. (2016) which discussed the green procurement practices by the government in the public enterprises of Malaysia. The study identified several barriers that exist in the adoption of the green purchasing practices in Malaysian public enterprises and some of them include the cost factor, no enforcement and lack of guidance. Therefore, the authors have critically revealed the fact that there is an acute need for training and development for the implementation of the practices. To evaluate the principles of buying into the environment, Ji, Ma Li (2015) conducted a research study to state that green purchasing is an evolutionary game theory for the manufacturing industry as it plays a crucial role in the management of supply chain. The seven principles of buying into the environment have to be followed while adopting green purchasing for examining the legislative implications, pressures and opportunities in market and risks in the supply chain. The seven principles of buying into the environment include an understanding of the business reasons, knowing the environment, understanding the supply chain, adoption of a partnership style, collection of the necessary information, validation of the supplier's performance and setting an improvement timetable. Considering these factors, the authors have suggested that the stakeholders are the crucial decision makers of adopting green purchasing in the industries including the architectural sector based on its princip les. A similar argument was put forward by Bohari et al. (2016) where insights were discussed on the adoption of green purchasing in Malaysia construction business focusing on its challenges and drivers. The authors provided a basic recommendation for enhancing the stakeholder awareness by the promotion of green construction in the country based on the seven principles of buying into the environment, considering its challenges and drivers with respect to architecture. Advantages of Green Purchasing The advantages of implementing green purchasing have been discussed by Dubey et al. (2013) where the advantages of the environmentally sensitive practices and sustainable developed have been well established. There are a series of advantages of implementing green purchase that includes reduction in waste and improvement in resource efficiency, securing the supply of services and goods, minimizing business risks, provision of cost savings, provision of added values, enhancement of the corporate image and creating markets. The model of green chain management in the architectural industry helps to create a straight line course of resources products discarded objects that leads to the creation of more wealth along with the consumption of lesser resources, lesser discarded objects and positive influences on the environmental resources. Tseng, Tan Siriban-Manalang (2013) carried out a research work analyzing the green supply practices and its advantages in the architectural services due to the green innovation, implications of lean production and methods of assessment and evaluation of the implementation processes. Certified and preferable environmentally low toxicity coatings and paints contain recycled contents that help to reduce the toxicity due to the volatile organic compounds that are present in synthetic paints and this is implemented in the architectural services for resolving the toxicity and health hazard issues. Six Stages of Green Supply Chain Zhu, Sarkis Lai (2013) carried out a research work to discuss the green supply chain management and its stages for the management of the complexities. There are six recognized stages of green supply chain management that include specification and design, tendering and qualification, purchasing, distribution and receipt, disposal and use and accounting. The model of green supply chain in architectural services essentially includes the system for limiting the waste by remanufacturing recycling reuse trilogy. The Malaysian architectural services implement innovations that are environmentally friendly in its supply chain that helps to internally focus on the green purchasing decisions along with long term relationships with the suppliers. Zailani et al. (2012) studied on the implementation of green supply chain management in Malaysia and found that it is beneficial in reducing the environmental issues with the provision of social and economic benefits. The benefits of implementing gre en supply chain management in architectural services are that it helps to expand new markets and improves the brand image due to sustainable practices and reduces the risks of global warming. The Proposed Company The company Greenology Architectural Practice Sdn Bhd is an architectural company in Malaysia that is committed to an approach of integrated design to architectural and interior design and planning. The current purchasing practices of the company include the conventional purchasing practices that have the challenges of expensive raw materials, increased waste and significant risks to the environment. Therefore, it is suggested that green purchasing should be introduced to the organization as it will benefit the organization in terms of revenue, quality of products and services and cost and other business processes. Green purchasing provides the benefits of life cycle costs with positive effects on the performance and human health with 39% lesser water use, 53% lesser costs of maintenance and 45% lesser energy consumption by the organization (Yen Yen, 2012). Energy Management System (EnMS) The company Greenology Architectural Practice Sdn Bhd will undergo a transformation from the conventional purchasing practices to the green purchasing practices and for that, a detailed description of the energy management is essential. Energy management involves the operation and planning of the energy consumption and energy production units with the objectives of cost savings, climate protection and resource conservation. It is closely connected to the established business functions of logistics, production management and environmental management. It systematically and proactively coordinates the usage, distribution, conversion and procurement of the energy for meeting the requirements considering the economic and environmental objectives of the environment (Palma-Behnke et al., 2013). The adoption of energy management solutions by the architectural services company will help to provide the load control backbone along with the monitoring and measurement for the sources of on-site p ower supplies. The Energy Commission Malaysia has laid down its objective of minimizing the negative impacts on the environment and therefore, adoption of energy management systems in the organization will certainly add up to the business values and ethics apart from its other business processes (Meih.st.gov.my, 2016). Energy management is the crucial step for energy saving of an organization that satisfies a number of crucial issues like legislations, emission targets and energy prices, which compels the organization to adopt green energy practices. It is important to reduce the damage that is happening to the planet earth due to the pollution and emission, therefore, reducing and controlling the energy consumption at the organizational level can be beneficial to the organization as well as the environment (Chaouachi et al., 2013). In an architectural organization, shortage of supplies and increase in the energy prices can decrease the profitability of the business and it becomes crucial to implement the energy management system for controlling the energy consumption to make it more predictable. Carbon emission is another environmental hazard that can be reduced effectively with the application of the energy management activities to reduce the carbon footprint and promote a sustainable and green i mage. In addition, it helps to reduce the implications that are cost related as the energy costs rises. Scope The purchasing decisions in an architectural organization impact the environment and therefore, energy management systems are preferred in the architectural organizations as they help to reduce the energy use. This contributes extensively towards the rise in the company revenue, quality of the services and the products and decrease in the organizational costs due to the practices of green purchasing and energy management systems. The energy management scope in architectural services should not be restricted to the HVAC (Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning) systems but should also include other aspects like waste management optimization, infrastructure building, product design, supply chain networks and plant controls. Managing regulatory compliance and reduction of energy consumption are the goals of energy management that have its scope in the areas of enterprise, logistics, manufacturing and facilities (Pipattanasomporn, Kuzlu Rahman, 2012). Optimized designing of green buil dings along monitoring of the energy consumption and usage of equipment that are energy star certified can help in the development of effective energy management opportunities. The architectural designs should attain energy efficiency by the application of advanced process controls by the optimization of product designing. The logistics of the company needs to maintain a green supply chain along with the reverse logistics for management of wastes. The scope of energy management in the enterprise part of the organization lays with the theory of consolidation and virtualization for the assessment of the green readiness of the organization (Zhao, Suryanarayanan Simoes, 2013). The company can change its investor perception, brand value and customer expectations with the implementation of effective energy management procedures. Green purchasing can be an effective media to promote the energy management practices that can bring substantial benefits to the business process in terms of rev enue, costs and quality of services and products. Key Components The key components of the effective energy management consist of seven stages that make the framework for the energy management system. The first step includes making a commitment to continual improvement for filing the gap in implementation by an energy and environmental policy with the establishment of a cross-functional team. Assessment of the opportunities and performances includes the identification of the opportunities of environmental performance that begins with the understanding of the past and present energy use and waste generation. Setting of the performance goals that are realistic and aggressive for the improvement of the environmental performance will lead to the driving of activities for deriving successful outcomes (Beloglazov, Abawajy Buyya, 2012). Creating an action plan that serves as a blueprint for monitoring and guiding the systematic approach improving the environmental performance. Successfully implementing the action plan includes monitoring and tracking pr ogress, motivating staff, building capacity, raising awareness and creation of a communication plan. Evaluation of progress can be done by the regularly evaluating the action plan as it helps to keep the team informed regarding the progress on the established goals of environmental performance improvement. Recognition of achievements is the final component of effective energy management that includes ongoing activities of energy efficiency and pollution prevention outcomes as it will help in the maintenance of the momentum of the initiatives of environmental improvement. The Steps The steps of energy efficiency essentially include a stepwise approach for the development of a green organization. The energy management systems lead to the increased reputation of the organization as the efficient leader in sustainability practices. The first step includes virtualization, consolidation and rationalization of the architectural activities to reduce the wastage of energy. Appropriate evaluation of the building by setting benchmark with Energy Star can help to identify the scope of improvement and help to set targets. Engagement of the workforce by presenting clear plans for the team to get them engaged in a time frame for achievement of the goals (Olivares, Caizares Kazerani, 2014). This is followed by the collection of the real time data of energy consumption to know the behavior of the energy efficiency implementation. Usage of the collected energy data for making operational changes like optimization of the building scheduling and lowering of the base loads. Utili zation of advanced practices for building energy efficient green organization by applying sub-metering for breaking down the energy consumption. These steps can be effective weapons for the improvement of profits from energy efficiency implementation. Table 1: Comparison of the challenges of the current energy management with benefits of green energy management system Challenges of Current Energy Management System Benefits of Green Energy Management System High risk of global warming emissions Low or no risks of global warming emissions Expensive due to the consumption of fossil fuels Cheap due to the usage of natural sources Exhaustible and limited supply of energy Inexhaustible and vast supply of energy Energy prices are fluctuating increasing operation costs Stable energy prices decreasing operation costs Rigid and undependable energy system Resilient and reliable energy system Transformers and generators require high maintenance Renewable energy facilities require lesser maintenance Attracts pollution taxes due to excess emission Minimum emissions provide tax exemptions No effect on the company brand image Green initiatives have a positive effect on company image Flowchart 1: Energy Management System of Greenology Architectural Practice Sdn Bhd Proposal of EnMS Proposal of the energy management system is obvious due to the challenges faced by the current energy management system in accordance with its various aspects. The EnMS can aid to provide greater savings in the company costs with the application of cost efficient products especially with the lighting arrangements in the architectural services. EnMS can also result in a decrease in the maintenance cost due to the installation of the cost efficient products that promotes green purchasing and saves energy with tax exemption. The Malaysian Investment Development Authority states the provision of investment tax allowance for the application of green technology systems and services. The product life cycle of the EnMS is relatively high compared to the traditional products (Mida.gov.my, 2016). This can be understood from the fact that LED, compact fluorescent and incandescent lamps have a better service in lighting and also reduce the company costs with superior life cycle (Fernndez et al., 2016). Feasibility to bring in resources is another important aspect of EnMS due to the cost advantage provided by energy efficiency. The resources help to provide considerable savings from the application programs which is achieved at 1/3rd of the costs of the existing resources. EnMS requires installation expertise and skills among the employees as its maintenance and installation is different from the conventional equipment. Trained professionals and contractors can help to achieve high results in energy efficiency. Compliance of products to the local authority is another striking aspect of EnMS as the local governments in Malaysia has taken initiatives for promoting the concept in their respective jurisdiction by implementation and development of the strategies. Therefore, green purchasing in architectural services provides with the products that can comply with the local authority and their energy efficiency operations. Benefits to business process in terms of costs is an advantage of EnMS as it is a cost-efficient and effective approach in the context of increasing demand for resources and a growing global population. It also provides co-benefits on competitiveness and employment. Quality of products or services and revenue are the outputs of EnMS as appropriate implementation of the energy efficiency policies causes lesser energy consumption with energy star compliance and generate higher revenues from the higher quality products (Antunes, Carreira da Silva, 2014). Energy and comfort monito ring surveys in architectural surveys have revealed that EnMS can help to maintain a soothing indoor climate that can increase the occupant comfort level. Advanced ventilation and cooling concepts with energy efficient procedures are the excellent examples of this concept. With EnMS, water and energy efficient products can help the staff members to manage the products aptly. Technological deployment can help them to conduct activities of product management for the existing and new products with elimination of the unnecessary energy consumption. References Antunes, P., Carreira, P., da Silva, M. M. (2014). Towards an energy management maturity model.Energy Policy,73, 803-814. Beloglazov, A., Abawajy, J., Buyya, R. (2012). Energy-aware resource allocation heuristics for efficient management of data centers for cloud computing.Future generation computer systems,28(5), 755-768. Bohari, A. A. M., Skitmore, M., Xia, B., Zhang, X. (2016). Insights into the adoption of green construction in Malaysia: The drivers and challenges.Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal,1(4), 45-53. Buniamin, S., Ahmad, N., Rauf, F. H. A., Johari, N. H., Rashid, A. A. (2016). Green Government Procurement Practices (GGP) in Malaysian Public Enterprises.Procedia Economics and Finance,35, 27-34. Chaouachi, A., Kamel, R. M., Andoulsi, R., Nagasaka, K. (2013). Multiobjective intelligent energy management for a microgrid.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,60(4), 1688-1699. Dubey, R., Bag, S., Ali, S. S., Venkatesh, V. G. (2013). Green purchasing is key to superior performance: an empirical study.International Journal of Procurement Management,6(2), 187-210. Fernndez, F. J. V., de las Heras Jimnez, A., Manzano, F. S., Mrquez, J. M. A. (2016). An Energy Management Strategy and Fuel Cell Configuration Proposal for a Hybrid Renewable System with Hydrogen Backup.International Journal of Energy Optimization and Engineering (IJEOE),6(1), 1-22. Green Jr, K. W., Zelbst, P. J., Meacham, J., Bhadauria, V. S. (2012). Green supply chain management practices: impact on performance.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(3), 290-305. Home - Malaysia Energy Information Hub. (2016).Meih.st.gov.my. Retrieved 23 November 2016, from https://meih.st.gov.my/ Ji, P., Ma, X., Li, G. (2015). Developing green purchasing relationships for the manufacturing industry: An evolutionary game theory perspective.International Journal of Production Economics,166, 155-162. Liu, X., Wang, C., Shishime, T., Fujitsuka, T. (2012). Sustainable consumption: green purchasing behaviours of urban residents in China.Sustainable Development,20(4), 293-308. MIDA | Malaysian Investment Development Authority :.. (2016).Mida.gov.my. Retrieved 23 November 2016, from https://www.mida.gov.my/home/ Olivares, D. E., Caizares, C. A., Kazerani, M. (2014). A centralized energy management system for isolated microgrids.IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,5(4), 1864-1875. Palma-Behnke, R., Benavides, C., Lanas, F., Severino, B., Reyes, L., Llanos, J., Sez, D. (2013). A microgrid energy management system based on the rolling horizon strategy.IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,4(2), 996-1006. Pipattanasomporn, M., Kuzlu, M., Rahman, S. (2012). An algorithm for intelligent home energy management and demand response analysis.IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,3(4), 2166-2173. Tseng, M. L., Tan, R. R., Siriban-Manalang, A. B. (2013). Sustainable consumption and production for Asia: sustainability through green design and practice.Journal of Cleaner Production,40, 1-5. Yen, Y. X., Yen, S. Y. (2012). Top-management's role in adopting green purchasing standards in high-tech industrial firms.Journal of Business Research,65(7), 951-959. Zailani, S., Jeyaraman, K., Vengadasan, G., Premkumar, R. (2012). Sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) in Malaysia: A survey.International Journal of Production Economics,140(1), 330-340. Zhao, P., Suryanarayanan, S., Simoes, M. G. (2013). An energy management system for building structures using a multi-agent decision-making control methodology.IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,49(1), 322-330. Zhu, Q., Sarkis, J., Lai, K. H. (2013). Institutional-based antecedents and performance outcomes of internal and external green supply chain management practices.Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management,19(2), 106-117.

Fast Food Topics Essay Topics

Fast Food Topics Essay TopicsToday I want to discuss some of the fast food topics essay topics that you may want to write on. There are many topics in general for college essays and you should try to use some of these tips as a guide.One of the best college papers is one that uses their chosen topic to explain why you are doing well at school. Many people have a natural tendency to say they did not study or did not take the test because they are lazy. Well, this is a bad reason to make yourself look like such a person.With a good college paper you should use all your strengths to explain what you did well in school. Be sure to include things like your sports team or a talent you are really good at. It would be so great if you could use your homework and paper ideas in an essay and not just use the ones you read. If you need help, ask someone who works in a library or a book store for help with a topic you have never thought of before.In today's world many people think they are lazy b ut this may not be true. It is still possible to be lazy and work hard. You have to think about what you would do if you did not have anything to do.As far as fast food topics go, there are many ways to go about it. You could do a survey asking your friends what type of food they like or a blog about food from around the world.Another idea would be to use problem answers from other students to come up with a creative solution. This will not be too difficult because there are many students out there who are already doing this kind of thing. All you would have to do is find out which questions your classmates could easily answer and try to answer them in a unique way. These are some of the fast food topics essay topics you could use. There are many others you could use for a good final paper. Just make sure you learn from everything you can before you get started.

The Lost Secret of Topics for Presentation

The Lost Secret of Topics for Presentation If you wish to develop the fantastic essay on microeconomics topics by yourself, the very first place you should search is the internet. Sure, with this kind of a massive number of topics to select from, picking just one may be challenging. You're full of choices. As a writer, you have the choice of narrowing the range of your paper. To get you started, we've prepared a comprehensive collection of 100 topics to have you thinking. Deciding upon the right topic is the toughest task about creating a presentation. If you're finding it hard to opt for the ideal subject, you may give the writer a list of your finest ones and leave it to them to pick. An acceptable topic is likely to make all difference in presentation. It's freely available for everybody who owns a post mac 2013. Once you choose the subject, it's necessary for you to revolve around the key points of the speech. Behind every effective speech is a good outline aligned with the aim of the presentation. You've been requested to provide a presentation. If you're still uncertain about your presentation, continue reading to locate a wide variety of engaging presentation topics. When it has to do with creating a great PowerPoint presentation, selecting an intriguing topic can define your success. Better do not speak on the points which you do not feel comfortable to speak about. Still, figuring out the very best topic for your essay isn't your only concern for a student. What makes your dissertation writing have quality isn't just the topic you select, but in addition the group of writer you partner with. You will have the ability to do a far better job. In school, it is typically utilised to assist you learn how to correctly opt for a topic which you can develop into a complete presentation, which is a significant skill to get later on. Deciding on the ideal topic for a presentation, researching and writing about it's a task that lots of students find quite tricky to do. Always keep in mind that the success of your research is dependent on it. Learn what opportunities are available and the way to prepare to apply. Irrespective of the intricacy of the topic you're working with, we can help you earn a winning presentation for you. A student is made to dig in deeper into the information, and here, they have got a chance to grasp the concepts that they've learned and be in a position to apply them to a topic that's realistic. The War Against T opics for Presentation Be confident at all times in order for your presentation can make an impact. Now you get your presentation in check. There numerous means by which you are able to keep presentation entertaining and persuasive. Naturally, you will want to rehearse your presentation multiple times. The Fight Against Topics for Presentation Suppose, you're delivering a speech whose main goal is to deliver information or ideas. Therefore, if you take up our essay help solutions, you find yourself with a perfectly written essay. Business presentations are also employed by people to communicate about a few new reformations in business methods. The work of business is simply business 73. When it has to do with speech the rollercoaster is the thing to do! A personal story is the quickest approach to construct trust, show you're human and stir emotion. Don't forget that a successful presentation is a mix of interesting info and helpful visual aids. So it's your duty to m ake them feel comfortable when watching the presentation. It's affordable and not as cumbersome than having to look after it yourself. Your audience will have the ability to relate because nobody is immune from having to address managers and fellow employees who drive you up the wall. You're giving a presentation before a room full of individuals. Attempt to practice where you're be delivering your talk. An additional way you'll be able to introduce your presentation is using a map of the region. Moreover, presentations shouldn't consist of content which might be deemed inappropriate for someone. Make sure that you devote some in the room where you'll be delivering your presentation. Ok, I Think I Understand Topics for Presentation, Now Tell Me About Topics for Presentation! Getting professional and informative does not mean that you can't be fun! To avoid losing your audience and receiving a lower grade, you should begin with mulling over a few cool presentation suggest ions to choose an ideal topic. So when you have college homework that's almost due and have zero clue how you can have it done within the next few hours. Discussing something which you are familiar isn't only more fun but also a good deal simpler. A Startling Fact about Topics for Presentation Uncovered In that situation, you may want to assume the occurrence of God in your opening paragraph rather than spending several pages providing an argument for the presence of God. When picking a definition, bear in mind that there are plenty of kinds of ethical arguments and that the direction you argue for your specific claim depends in large part on how you define your terms. The very first portion of making this kind of argument is normally establishing that we have a tendency to care about and sympathize with different humans. You would have to first provide an argument for the presence of mind-independent moral obligations. The Meaning of Topics for Presentation For instance, a speaker presenting to a corporate audience should put on a suit. For instance, you may tell your audience about Mexican culture, talk about the government. Firstly, how you present is a significant determinant of to what extent your presentation is appreciated by the audience more than the topic you're speaking on. A great presentation should trigger the audience to consider over and analyze your ideas.

Creative Writing Prompts

Creative Writing PromptsCreative writing prompts can be found in most print or electronic publications available, including a good percentage of the books, magazines and newspapers you read. They are there to assist writers and readers in coming up with words and phrases that will stir emotions, bring out inspiration, or encourage thought.While there are a lot of words and phrases in the English language, some of them are quite common and others are quite rare. A good number of the words and phrases that you would encounter while reading the paper, or spending time browsing the Internet, could be called synonyms of one another. When you take into consideration all of the words that are involved in writing, using the same words or phrases could lead to your writing making no sense at all.The topics of your article or articles should be varied and yet offer different titles to get your reader to browse through them. While you are doing this, your subject matter should not be simply the same as the topic that you put forth in your article. You could make your article look different by making use of two entirely different subject matters and then juxtaposing them against each other, while still making your writing flow properly. When doing this, be careful about it because you do not want to give the impression that you are confusing your article with someone else's work.If you would like to entice your readers with the very mention of your writing, you must be prepared to give them a reason to open your article. To ensure that your article will be effective, it must contain a significant value. If you are able to grab their attention from the very moment they get to read your article, you can say that you have struck a chord.In today's world, there is plenty of clutter in everyone's life. Whether your article is about a topic that pertains to clutter or whether you are discussing it from an educational perspective, you must provide your readers with something to m ull over. Think about it. Would your mind be able to go blank without something to mull over?Creative writing is a great way to be seen and heard in the world of writing. It doesn't matter if you are writing for the newspaper, magazine, or any other kind of writing. You will find that the best way to get people to notice you is to make sure that you use the proper words in your writing. This can be accomplished with creative writing prompts.If you are looking for ideas to use as creative writing prompts, visit online websites. It is likely that you will find lists of topics that you could write on, and you will find a lot of great advice and writing tips for each topic that you could use as a creative writing prompt. It may be a good idea to check them out at least once so that you are familiar with what is being offered.Learn how to make the most of your own creative writing. It's fun, exciting, and it can really help you to excel at writing and be noticed.